Make Lessons Accessible by Default

This principle involves proactively making lessons, resources, and the physical learning environment as inherently usable and understandable as possible for the widest range of learners from the outset.

Short code	Description
Perceiveable	Ensure information can be readily sensed by optimising the physical learning environment and resources. This includes: using clear, sans-serif fonts of adequate size with appropriate spacing; ensuring high contrast between text and backgrounds; maintaining uncluttered layouts and managing visual stimuli; ensuring good sightlines to the board for all learners; minimising glare from lights or windows; managing distracting noise and optimising classroom acoustics; ensuring audibility of teacher and resources; considering factors like classroom temperature, ventilation, and strong smells; and providing clear visual aids.
Understandable	Use clear language; define vocabulary; break down instructions; present information gradually (eg. using slide animations or live modelling via a visualiser); provide models/examples/non-examples; establish routines; and check understanding frequently so the meaning and structure are clear.
Doable	Ensure manageable tasks; provide scaffolding (eg. sentence starters, templates); allow sufficient processing time; and ensure necessary physical or technological equipment is available and accessible.